In the spring of 2024, Indiana is set to experience a remarkable natural phenomenon: the emergence of two broods of periodical cicadas, Brood XIII and Brood XIX. This rare event, known as a “dual emergence,” occurs when two distinct groups of cicadas, each with their own 13- or 17-year life cycle, surface simultaneously. The last time such an occurrence happened in the United States was in 1803, making 2024 a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for Hoosiers to witness this fascinating spectacle.
The Cicada Life Cycle: A Marvel of Nature
Periodical cicadas spend the majority of their lives underground, feeding on the sap of tree roots. After 13 or 17 years, depending on the brood, they emerge en masse to molt, mate, and lay eggs before dying. This synchronized emergence is a survival strategy, overwhelming predators with sheer numbers and ensuring the species’ continuation. In Indiana, Brood XIII (17-year cycle) and Brood XIX (13-year cycle) will create a chorus of buzzing that can reach up to 100 decibels, a sound that is both awe-inspiring and, for some, overwhelming.
Where to Expect the Cicadas
Brood XIII is expected to emerge in northwestern Indiana, particularly in counties like Lake, Porter, and LaPorte. Brood XIX, on the other hand, will be more prominent in southern Indiana, including areas like Evansville and Vincennes. While the cicadas are not harmful to humans or pets, their presence will be hard to miss, with millions of insects blanketing trees, shrubs, and even backyard gardens.
Impact on Ecosystems
Cicadas play a crucial role in their ecosystems. Their emergence provides a feast for birds, mammals, and reptiles, and their nymphs aerate the soil as they burrow. After the adults die, their decomposing bodies return nutrients to the soil, benefiting plant life. However, young trees may suffer damage from female cicadas laying eggs in their twigs. Gardeners and arborists are advised to cover small trees with mesh netting to protect them during this period.
Human Experience: Fascination and Frustration
For many, the cicada emergence is a source of fascination, drawing nature enthusiasts, researchers, and curious onlookers. Local museums and nature centers in Indiana are planning educational programs and guided tours to help the public understand and appreciate this event. However, the sheer numbers and loud mating calls can be a nuisance for some, particularly in urban areas. Residents are encouraged to prepare by sealing gaps in windows and doors and keeping outdoor pets supervised to prevent them from overeating cicadas, which could cause gastrointestinal upset.
Historical and Cultural Significance
Cicadas have long been a part of human culture, symbolizing rebirth and transformation in many societies. In Indiana, the 2024 emergence is not only a scientific event but also a cultural one, with local artists, writers, and musicians drawing inspiration from the phenomenon. Schools across the state are incorporating cicada-related lessons into their curricula, fostering a deeper appreciation for the natural world among students.
Preparing for the Emergence
To make the most of this event, Hoosiers can take several steps: 1. Educate Yourself: Learn about the life cycle and behavior of periodical cicadas to better appreciate their emergence. 2. Protect Young Trees: Use fine mesh netting to shield trees under 2 inches in diameter from egg-laying damage. 3. Document the Event: Participate in citizen science projects by reporting cicada sightings and contributing photos or videos. 4. Embrace the Experience: Take the opportunity to observe this natural wonder up close, perhaps even trying cicada-inspired recipes (they’re high in protein and were historically consumed by Native Americans).
Future Implications
The 2024 emergence is not just a spectacle but also an opportunity for scientific research. Researchers will study how climate change and habitat disruption affect cicada populations, as well as their genetic diversity. Understanding these factors is crucial for predicting future emergences and preserving this natural phenomenon for generations to come.
Are cicadas dangerous to humans or pets?
+Cicadas are not dangerous to humans or pets. However, pets may experience gastrointestinal upset if they consume too many cicadas. It’s best to supervise outdoor pets during the emergence.
How long will the cicadas be around?
+Adult cicadas typically live for 4 to 6 weeks after emerging. Once they mate and lay eggs, they die, and their offspring burrow underground to begin the next cycle.
Can I eat cicadas?
+Yes, cicadas are edible and high in protein. They should be harvested after they molt and before they start decaying. Ensure they are thoroughly cooked before consumption.
How can I protect my trees from cicada damage?
+Cover young or newly planted trees with fine mesh netting (1/4 inch or smaller) to prevent female cicadas from laying eggs in the twigs, which can cause damage.
Why are cicadas so loud?
+Male cicadas produce loud calls to attract mates. Their unique sound is created by vibrating membranes called tymbals, and the noise can reach up to 100 decibels.
The 2024 cicada emergence in Indiana is more than just an insect invasion; it’s a celebration of nature’s precision, resilience, and beauty. Whether you’re a scientist, a nature lover, or simply a curious observer, this event offers a unique opportunity to connect with the natural world and witness one of its most extraordinary phenomena.
